This correction is necessary to ensure that the playback audio accurately represents the original recording’s intended frequency balance.Īnd as a final note, all of this happens before the sound hits our ears, so remember that the purpose of the RIAA curve is only to mitigate the limitations of cutting audio onto vinyl and nothing else. So, to reiterate, the phono preamp’s role is to correct the signal by applying the inverse of the RIAA curve, which was originally applied during mastering. This effectively cancels out the equalization applied during mastering, resulting in a flat frequency response and faithful audio reproduction. To achieve accurate sound reproduction, the phono preamp then applies the inverse of the RIAA curve. When the vinyl record is played back, the cartridge on the turntable generates an electrical signal that mirrors the RIAA curve applied during mastering. This is done to optimize the use of the limited space on the record and to help reduce surface noise and distortion. This involves boosting the low frequencies and attenuating the high frequencies before cutting the audio onto the vinyl. Mastering Processĭuring the mastering of vinyl records, the RIAA curve is applied intentionally. The RIAA curve is a specific equalization curve applied during the mastering of vinyl records. This may seem counterintuitive at first, so let me explain the reasoning behind this process. Phono preamps include circuitry to apply the inverse of the RIAA curve, which “corrects” the audio signal before sending it to the amplifier. This curve compensates for the frequency response limitations of vinyl records and allows for more accurate reproduction of the original audio. Vinyl records are mastered with a specific equalization curve called the RIAA curve. This allows users to match the preamp’s gain to the specific characteristics of their turntable setup. Some phono preamps offer adjustable gain settings to accommodate cartridges with varying output levels. Phono preamps often include grounding options to reduce these types of noise and ensure a clean signal. Vinyl playback systems can be susceptible to various types of noise, including hum and interference. This helps optimize the performance of the cartridge and maintain accurate frequency response. Phono preamps are designed to provide the appropriate load impedance for the specific cartridge type being used. Impedance Matchingĭifferent types of cartridges have different impedance characteristics. This amplification brings the signal level up to a suitable level that can be further processed by other audio equipment. The primary function of a phono preamp is to amplify the weak signal produced by the turntable’s cartridge. Phono preamps include the following functions: Amplification There are two main types of cartridges used in turntables: moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC).Įach type has different output levels and impedance characteristics, so phono preamps are designed to match these specifications. This weak signal needs to be amplified and equalized properly before it can be sent to a regular amplifier or receiver and eventually to speakers. Turntables and vinyl records produce a much weaker signal compared to modern audio sources like CDs or digital files. Related: Beginners Guide: What is a USB DAC?.It takes the subtle vibrations embedded in vinyl’s grooves and transforms them into vibrant audio signals.īy amplifying and equalizing these delicate sounds, the phono preamp bridges the analog-digital gap, preserving the authenticity of vintage tones. Yet, behind the scenes, the phono preamp, short for “phono preamplifier” or “phono stage” plays a vital role. Image: Alina Vilchenko The Unsung Hero: Phono Preamp
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